op detroit



Aug. 19,, 1930.

H. I A. DORNER Re. 17,775

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Original Filed Feb. 15, 1926 INVENTOR e; m m I Y W M, m

ATTORNEYS Reissued Aug. 19, 1930 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE KEBMANN TILLDORNER, OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN, ASSIGNOR TO UNION GUARDIAN TRUST COMPANY, OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN, A CORPORATION OF MICHIGAN, AS

TRUSTEE INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE Original No. 1,682,108, dated larch 13, 1928, Serial No. 88,409, filed February 15, 1926. Application for reissue 'flled April 22, 1929. Serial No. 357,257.

The invention relates to internal combustion engines of the Diesel type and has for 1ts object first, the introduction of a sufficient quantity of air and the maximum commin- 5 gling of the same with the ejected fuel; secnd, the avoidance of the drainage of any portion of the fuel into contact with the lubricated walls of the cylinder; third, to obtain other advantages as hereinafter set forth.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a central longitudinal section through a portion of the cylinder and piston.

Figure '2 is a horizontal section therethrough.

Figure 3 is a vertical section on the 3-3 of Figure 2.

With engines of the Diesel'type Where the fuel is directly injected into the highly com pressed air, it is important to quickly ob- 20 tain a thorough commingling of these ele ments. It also frequently happens that some portions of the fuel will collect on the walls and drain into the space between the piston and cylinder. This is objectionable both be- 2 cause of loss in efficiency and also because of the dilution of the lubricant. To overcome these defects I have devised a construction as follows:

The cylinder A is provided with ahead B so having a recess O therein somewhat less in diameter than the cylinder and connected with the latter by the conical portion D. E is the piston having the annular conical portionF parallel to the portion D and the top portion G preferably slightly cupped. The recess C thus forms the clearance space in which the air is compressed and into which the fuel is injected through a nozzle H. The

' line controlled by the valve J.

With the construction as thus far described,

when fuel is injected, this occurring near the I completion of the compression stroke of the.

paratively slight and thereforethe displace air is introduced through a port which isment of air occurring at the end of the stroke will assist in excluding the fuel.

To obtain maximum power and efiiciency it is desirable to introduce the maximumquantity of air into the cylinder as nearly as possible at atmospheric pressureand it is equally important to effect a thorough commingling of the compressed air with the atomized fuel. Both of these results are obtained by my improved construction as follows and tangentially to the cylinder. This will cause the incoming current of air to travel in a spiral course throwing the whole mass into rapid revolution which continues during the succeeding compression stroke. To still further increase the velocity and the quantity of air so introduced, the passage K is of ve'nturi form and preferably free from obstructions.

Thus, as shown, the passage K is provided with the flaring inlet portion K and the port I forms a flarlng outlet into the cylinder while intermediate these portions is the restricted throat portion K This will cause the air entering through the passage K to attain a high velocity in the throat K which in passing through the port I will cause a rapid whirlingmotion within the cylinder. The area A of the valve opening is mad greater than the sectional area at the throat of the venturi K so that no obstruction is offered to the passage of the incoming air and the direction of the flow of incoming air is unchanged until afterthe valve has been passed. The velocity of the .air stream is increased during its passage from K to K and from K remains approximatelythe same in passing through the valve and entering the whirling column of air in the cylinder.

Thus, during the compress stroke the air in the cylinder which is, finally forced into the recess C continues its revolution which will effect a thorough comniingling with the fuel spray from the nozzle H. As clearly indicated in the drawings, the

fuelis injected through the nozzle H in a the axis of the cylinder.

direction transverse to the rotating mass of air or substantially radial with respect to This causesthe fuel spray from the nozzle to penetrate the rotating body of air from periphery to axis and as the length of the latter is relatively short at point of high compression, the entire air volume will be penetrated by the spray. This results in a most thorough commingling of the fuel and air which so increases the rapidity of combustion as to permit the motor-to operate at high speed.

WVh-at I claim as my invention is:

1. In an internal combustion engine of the Diesel type, the combination of a cylinder having a valvecontrolled inlet port in the head thereof and a single main inlet passage through said head communicating with said port and arranged to direct the incoming charge tangentially of the cylinder and oblique to the axis thereof.

'2. In an internal combustion engine of the Diesel type, the combination of a cylinder having a valve in the head thereof eccentric to the axis of said cylinder and a single main inlet passage controlled by said valve and arranged to direct the incoming charge obliquely to the axis ,of said valve and tangentially of said cylinder.

3. An internal combustion engine of the Diesel type comprising a cylinder having a valve in the head thereof'at one side of the I axis of the cylinder and an inlet passage of venturi form controlled by said valve, the axis of said passage being oblique to the axis of the valve and tangential in relation to the cylinder. V

4. An internal combustion engine of the Diesel type comprising a cylinder having a valve in the head thereofarranged at one side of the axis of the cylinder and an inlet passage through said head controlled by said valve, said passage being of venturi form and having a rectilinear axis oblique to the axis of the valve and tangential to the cylinder,

8. The method of operatingl internal combustion engines comprising t edirecting of a suction induced air stream m a spiral course within the cylinder to impart a. high rotationa1 velocity thereto sufiicient to continue rotation of the entire mass during compression, compressing and injecting the fuel radially into the compressed and still'rotating body of air to effect a thorough, commingling.

9. The method ofoperating internal combustion engines which consists inintroducing a rectilinear single column high velocity air stream. into the cylinder in a tangential direction and oblique to the cylinder axis to im art a spiral movement thereto and a rotatlon of the entire volume introduced which continues during compression, compressing and injecting the fuel into the cylinder trans versely oft e rotating air to penetrate the same and to effect a thorough commingling. 10. The method of operating internal combustion engines comprisin the introduction by suction of a stream 0 air into the-cylinder in a manner to cause acceleration upon entrance and travelling therein in a spiral direction, compressing the rotating air and injecting liquid fuel to penetrate the rotatingair and elfect a thorough comminglingh 11. Themethod of operating an internal combustion engine comprising inducing a 9 high velocity movement of air in an uninterrupted rectilinear stream and introducing the same into the cylinder in a direction c aus ing a continued spiral movement therein, compressing the rotating air and injecting atomized liquid fuel-into the rotating compressed air to cause penetration.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature.

HERMANN I. A.- DORNER.

the throat of said venturi being of an area less than the port opening for said valve.

'5. An internal combustion engine of the Diesel type comprising a cylinder provided with a single main inlet passage of yenturi form having its axis directed tangentially of the cylinder.

6. An internal combustion engine of the Diesel type comprising a cylinder provided with a single main inlet passage of venturi form eccentric and oblique to the axis of said cylinder.

7. In an intern'al combustion engine, the combination with a cylinder and piston, of a single air inlet arranged to direct a suction induced incoming stream of air in a spiral coursewithin the cylinder to impart a high rotational velocity thereto, and a fuel nozzle arranged to direct the fuel within said cylinder transversely of the rotating mass. 

